History of Britain

Ancient History and the Celtics:

In the Ice Age, early humans settled in England. England had not yet become an island at that time. The Stonehenge monument belongs to this period.

Stonehenge

During the Bronze Age, between 1500 and 500 BC, Celtic tribes migrated to central Europe, France, and England. This creates a racial mix between the Native Americans and the Celtics, and a separate culture and civilization is formed.

Bronze Age Utensil

Romans:

The Romans, who spoke Latin, decided to invade England in 55 BC under Julius Caesar, but were unsuccessful. Until in 43 AD Rome was able to invade England under the command of Emperor Claudius. The Roman Empire ruled England and Wales, today in addition to cities such as London, Lincoln, York cities. They are cities built by the Romans.

Julius Caesar

Anglo-Saxons:

With the departure of the Romans in the fifth century, the Celtic tribes fought each other and one of the tribal chiefs decided to seek help from the Germanic tribes. After the war, the Germans decided to stay and take over the island. These tribes, descended from the English and Saxons, formed seven kingdoms and ruled England from 500 to 850 AD.

Vikings:

From the second half of the ninth century AD, the Norse, a Viking tribe, invaded Europe from Scandinavia and were able to take control of large parts of England. William the Conqueror founded the Norman dynasty and was named the first king of England. The Normans formalize the feudal system and the French language. This language remains the official language until 1983.

Vikings 

One Hundred Years' War:

During the reign of Edward III, England plunged into the crisis of the Hundred Years' War and the Black Death (plague), in which one-third of the British population perished. The Hundred Years' War broke out between England and France between 1337 and 1453.

Edward III

The start of this war was due to the claim of Edward III to take over France. The French are defeated in the first round of the war, but in the second round of the war they can regain parts of the country they lost.

Magnificent revolution:

During the reigns of King William III and Queen Mary II, a conflict-free revolution took place in England in which a more democratic government replaced the monarchy. Because it is without conflict and bloodshed, this revolution is also called the quiet revolution.

The king agrees to limit his powers and give more power to parliament. The result of this revolution was a constitutional monarchy that has remained in the British system of government to this day.

Victoria Age:

QueenVictoria ascends the throne at the age of 18 and has the longest and most glorious reign among the kings and queens of England. During her 64-year reign, she was the queen of more than 40% of the world.

Queen Victoria

One of the most important events that took place during the British colonial period was the establishment of the oil companies of the East India Company, Burma and Iran. The Battle of Waterloo also took place during this period.

World War I:

In 1914, World War I broke out. With the assassination of Archduke FranzFerdinand, Crown Prince of the Austro-Hungarian Empire by a Serb, Austria claimed that Serbia was to blame and called for an investigation team into the country.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Serbia opposes the issue, and Austria continues to declare war on Serbia. Germany declares war on Russia and France in support of Austria and invades Belgium.

This means a campaign against a country that was considered an ally of Britain, leading Britain into World War I. Britain was able to win with its very strong navy. At the end of World War I, many German colonies in Africa came under British rule under the Treaty of Versailles. The riots that broke out in Britain after World War I led to the independence of the government of Southern Ireland and part of Egypt.

World War II:

During World War II (1939-1945), countries formed two groups of allies. The Allies were countries that faced the Allies during World War II. These countries agreed with the anti-Nazis and included France, Poland, Britain, Russia and the United States.

In the face of the Allies, they were Axis governments or allies who were united in war with their common enemies and fought side by side against them. The main countries in this category were Germany, Italy and Japan.

During the Nazi War, they were able to take control of much of Europe by forming military alliances with Italy and Japan. Germany then occupied central Europe, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and then invaded northern Europe, Scandinavia, and Western Europe, occupying France, and Britain besieging by sea and air.

Britain then declared war on the Nazis in 1939. This war caused a lot of damage to Britain. This led to the bankruptcy of this country and the granting of independence to its colonies.

In 1947, India and Pakistan became independent. Kenya became independent in 1963, followed by Malta and Cyprus. Britain is also losing its colonies in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East, and people are gaining independence in the Caribbean and the Pacific Islands.

In the 1980s, the United Kingdom granted the right to change its constitution to Canada, Australia and New Zealand without the need for oversight, and they became independent states.

Contemporary England:

In 1952, Queen Elizabeth II ascended the throne at the age of 26. In the 1970s, Britain faced an oil crisis and the collapse of the oil industry. During this time Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister. He shut down many dysfunctional factories, widening the class gap between rich and poor.

Queen Elizabeth II

Other important events in the contemporary history of the United Kingdom include its cooperation in founding the European Union in 1973, participating in the GulfWar in 1991, concluding the Peace and Referendum Treaty in Northern Ireland in 1998.

Another important event in contemporary history is the secession of Britain from the European Union, which is called Brexit. After a referendum on secession in 2016, Britain decided to secede from the union. Preparations for this work have been provided in 2017 and this work will be implemented by 2019.